Culture and Emphasis Different Cultures free essay sample

CommunicationVocabulary: * Cultural Shock * Cultural Context * High-Context Culture * Low-Context Culture * Individualism * Collectivism * Masculine * Feminine Why Study Culture? * Globalization * Rise in intercultural Shock * Avoid Culture ShockCultural Contexts * What is cultural Context? * The relative emphasis different cultures place on nonverbal communication * High-Context culture * Low-Context cultureCulture Values * What are culture values? Four categories of cultural values: * Individualism vs. Collectivism * Decentralized vs. Centralized * Uncertainty vs. Certainty * Masculine vs. FeminineContexts, Values and Communication * How do cultural contexts and values impact communication? * What would happen if: * A person from a high-context culture is communicating with a person from a person from a low context culture? * A person from a highly individualist culture is communicating with a person from a more collectivist culture? Culture Shock: * A state of confusion and distress experienced by an individual who is suddenly exposed to a new, strange or foreign social and cultural environmentCultural Shock: * The relative emphasis different cultures place on nonverbal communicationHigh-Context Culture: * Cultures that place a high emphasis on nonverbal communicationLow-context Culture: * Cultures that do not tend to value emphasis on nonverbal communicationIndividualism * Placing a high value on individual accomplishments and individual Collectivism * Place a high value on the accomplishments of a groupMasculine * The traditional social and cultural ideas of male characteristicsFeminine: * The traditional social and cultural ideas of female characteristics| Objectives: * Understand the different reasons men and women communicate * Understand the differences in how and what men and women communicate Vocabulary: * Content: The subjects or topics covered in verbal communication * Men are more likely to focus their attention on the content of a conversation, while women tend to be more emotion and relationship focused. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture and Emphasis Different Cultures or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why men and women communicate * Reasons men communicate * Share information * Accomplish a task * Reasons women communicate * Build relationships * Develop understanding How men and women communicate * How men and women communicate * Men: Verbal messages, value directness * Women: Nonverbal messages, Value feelings What men and women communicate * What men and women communicate * Men: Topics of expertise, problem solving, content focused * Women: Emotions, experiences, relationship focused * Status vs. Support. * Independence vs. Intimacy. * Advice vs. Understanding. * Information vs. Feelings. * Orders vs. Proposals. * Conflict vs. Compromise. | Objectives: * Identify and explain the barriers encountered in intercultural communication * Understand how to overcome barriers in intercultural communication Vocabulary: * Ethnocentrism * Barrier Barriers in Intercultural Communication * Ethnocentrism * Assuming similarities * Assuming differences * Focusing on stereotypes. * Different Communication Codes Overcoming communication barriers * Seek information * Ask thoughtful questions and listen * Tolerate ambiguity * Become â€Å"other† oriented

Gang Violence Case Study free essay sample

In a city where gang violence wreaks havoc and calamity occurs often, one neighborhood has the fortunate ability to end gang violence all together. By making the decision to close down a single house among many, the city of Sunnyside, WA along with its police department, have (Courtney)achieved their duty as Act Utilitarian’s. Their actions resulted in substantial consequences that have been shown to maximize the greater good of the entire community. The issue of gang violence has disrupted the city of Sunnyside for a long period of time. Especially that of one gang house, 808 W. Edison Ave; a house that has historically disrupted what is otherwise considered a calm neighborhood. In the tranquil canal bank neighborhood, the greatest number of people, the residents of other houses within the community, are being negatively affected by the actions of members in one home. According to one of the tenets of Utilitarianism, each person’s happiness is equally weighed. The acts of weapon-related violence that initiate from one home in a neighborhood do not benefit the greater good of all of the homes. Thus leading the community to take actions to achieve greater pleasure for the greater good. To solve the issue of being unsafe in the community, the city along with support from the police, fought to include the house (considered to be outside of city limits) in an already planned annexation of the area around the home. According to comments from not only the police but also members from within the community, fellow neighbors and citizens within the area experience both the sensations of safety and danger. They have experienced the feelings and pleasures of safety within their own homes and have also had these feelings taken away by the crimes committed by their neighbor. According to British philosopher, John Stuart Mills, one pleasure is more valuable than the other, â€Å"if there [is] one to which all or almost all who have experience of both give a decided preference, irrespective of any feeling or moral obligation to prefer it, that is the more desirable pleasure† (Mill, 95). In this particular case we argue that people in the community experience both danger and safety. Safety, being higher in desirable pleasure by those competently acquainted with both, is therefore of superior quality. In order to maximize safety, the superior quality, the city had to gain jurisdiction of the property from the county. While the Yakima County Law enforcement had tried to maximize safety within the gang affiliated home as well as the surrounding community, County laws and regulations, being laxer than the cities, made it difficult to see any hope for improvement. However, after gaining jurisdiction of not only the West Edison home but also the surrounding Monson feedlot, the city was able to strictly enforce city law and code regulations. The process of maximizing safety began from within the home and moved outward toward the community. The process began when law enforcement interrupted yet another drive-by shooting at the house which at the time had children inside. The endangering of the inhabitants of the home as well as the other residents of the neighborhood was enough cause for the issuing of search warrants. During the exercising of one of these warrants, Sunnyside law enforcement brought along code enforcement officers to inspect the safety of the home. The inspectors found several structural problems including, â€Å"broken rafters, sloping floors, cracked ceilings and a total of 21 bullet holes that could affect wiring† (Courtney). The deficiencies were enough to justify a substandard declaration of the home. Thus the house was deemed uninhabitable and residents were temporarily evicted with the consequence of full eviction if repairs were not made within thirty days. During the thirty days of temporary evictions, Sunnyside public works crews lined West Edison and Northwest Crescent road with concrete barriers to prevent through traffic as well as quick getaways by drive-bys. While the residents of the homes in the area (the greater good) are relieved that the violence stricken home is empty, not all are in favor of the roadblocks. Take for example resident Wallace Anderson Sr. , a neighbor and father of Sunnyside’s former police chief, who believes if someone wants to commit a crime â€Å"he’ll just get in another way† (Courtney). His ability to drive up and down the road was forfeited by the roadblocks and he personally enjoys â€Å"[having] a road going both ways† (Courtney). While it is an inconvenience to Mr. Anderson to not be able to drive both ways on the road, it is a larger benefit to his safety to take measures that make drive-bys and their dangerous consequences less likely. When examining the actions of the Sunnyside law enforcement, through the lens of Act Utilitarianism, we see that the officers were justified in their actions of annexing and evicting the residents of 808 W. Edison Ave. While there are various inconveniences attached to both eviction and dead end streets, the residents of the West Edison home and surrounding homes ultimately benefitted from the both set backs. The residents of the West Edison home had to move, but are likely living in a safer home with better structural measures than their previous home. While all members of the community are no longer able to drive up and down the street, the consequence, being an increase in their safety, ultimately is of greater desired pleasure and therefore of superior quality. In conclusion we see that the safety of all members of a given community justify the process (along with the inconveniences) to obtain a given end.

Tips To Effective Global Communication

Introduction Up until recently, communication with the outside world was difficult due to lack of technology. Engaging in global businesses was almost impossible but that has now changed and global communication has been made easy. Introduction of new and effective technology such as internet, telephones and televisions has made communication cheaper and faster.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Tips To Effective Global Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With our expanding company now engaging in business with Japan, Germany and France, all the employees will need to learn how to communicate globally. The purpose of this is to enhance the working relationship in the three countries, to avoid shameful language that can destroy the working relationship and to help us diversify. We shall discuss tips on how to become effective global communicators. Learn The Other Cultures To become an effective global c ommunicator, one needs to conduct a research on the other culture in order to learn how to communicate with them. Due to cultural difference, each cultural language differs with the other. One needs to get out of the local communication he is used to and adopt the global communication. This tends to be difficult if the other culture is not understood properly and lack of research can act as a hindrance to effective communication. Gray (57) suggests that one needs to visit the other culture and completely immerse himself in it to understand it better. Tan (9) tends to agree with this by arguing that each community has a different way of how they conduct their business and if one needs to learn the different culture of that community. Break Language Barriers The English language is commonly used when communicating but one should be wary of countries that do not use it as a primary language (Tan 96). In our case, we shall be engaging with the people from France whose primary language i s French and not English. In order to effectively communicate with our counterparts from France, one should avoid witty English jargon and maintain simplicity. It is also important to note some of the words used in communication as some countries take some words to be offensive in their culture (Muddyman 115). Learn To Read Between The Lines Some cultures are very sensitive and one should be very careful when communicating with them. If it is a face-to-face meeting, learn how to watch the body language of the listeners to determine whether your language is causing a discomfort or not. If it is through a telephone call, some actions like silence on the other end can indicate many reactions to the discussion at hand (Gray 48).Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This helps one to know how his information or message is being received. If an odd expression is noticed, then one n eeds to tactically change the wordings he is using to communicate. Learn How To Localize Any global communicator needs to learn how to localize tactfully with the locals. According to Gray (2008), localization needs balancing between its expense and the benefits one expect to achieve. Muddyman (25) further advise that when localizing, one should not be keen on the localized words being communicated rather than the message being put across to the local employees. One should seek services of a local communicator or a firm that has expertise in effective translation. Research OnThe Country’s Work Culture Each country handles their businesses differently. According to Tan (20), one needs to do a research on how different countries do their business. In Japan for example, they like going straight to business and their impatience will automatically tell if you are veering off the subject. In the research, one needs to know how employees in different countries react and feel towards a certain messages being communicated to them (Muddyman 46). The employees in Germany for example expect a message that is put in the company’s goals context. Those in France on the other hand prefer messages that have consequences that will last for a longer period. A good way of understanding the work culture of the different countries will be by encouraging a feedback kind of communication in any of the messages sent to them. This helps to understand how they conduct their business in the feed-back message and to be able to gauge their feelings towards a particular thing. It also helps to build trust between the two companies (Gray 22). Embrace The Modern Technology Acquiring the state of art communication equipment and learning how to operate them should be among the main priorities of any global communicator. Technology advances over the years and one should be able to keep up to date with the latest trend for effective communication around the world (Tan 56). This avoi ds delays in any business transaction and any global communicator should always remember that ‘time lost is money lost.’ Conclusion Anybody can learn how to become a global communicator and it only calls for individual passion to learn how to. We shall all need to learn by following the given tips in order to enhance our business relations between France, Germany and Japan.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Tips To Effective Global Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Gray, Dave. Ten Tips For Global Communicators. Communication Nation. April 2010. Web. Muddyman, Gary. 3 Simple Steps For Effective Global Communication. International Association of Business Communication. July 2010. Web. Tan, Teresa. How To Communicate Globally. eHOW. Sept 2010. Web. This article on Tips To Effective Global Communication was written and submitted by user Miriam W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Aftermath and Effects of the Hundred Years War

Aftermath and Effects of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War Between England and France lasted for more than a hundred years (1337–1453) of off and on conflict  before England appeared to have been defeated. Any conflict lasting this long would cause changes, and the aftermath of the wars affected both nations. The Uncertain End While we now recognize that a distinctive phase of Anglo-French conflict ended in 1453, there was no peace settlement in the Hundred Years War, and the French remained prepared for the English to return for some time. For their part, the English crown didn’t give up its claim on the French throne. Englands continued invasions werent so much an effort at recovering their lost territory, but because Henry VI had gone mad, and competing noble factions couldnt agree on past and future policy. This contributed greatly to England’s own struggle for power, known as the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of Henry VI during his mental illness. The conflict was partly fought by battle-hardened veterans of the Hundred Years War. The Wars of the Roses tore at the elites of Britain  and killed many others as well. A watershed had been reached, however, and the French south was now permanently out of English hands. Calais remained under English control until 1558, and the claim on the French throne was only dropped in 1801.​ Effects on England and France France had been severely damaged during the fighting. This was partly caused by official armies conducting bloody raids designed to undermine the opposition ruler by killing civilians, burning buildings, and crops and stealing whatever riches they could find. It was also frequently caused by ‘routiers,’ brigands- frequently soldiers - serving no lord and just pillaging to survive and get richer. Areas became depleted, populations fled or were massacred, the economy was damaged and disrupted, and ever greater expenditure was sucked into the army, raising taxes. Historian Guy Blois called the effects of the 1430s and 1440s a ‘Hiroshima in Normandy. Of course, some people benefitted from the extra military expenditure. On the other hand, while tax in pre-war France had been occasional, in the post-war era it was regular and established. This extension of government was able to fund a standing army- which was built around the new technology of gunpowder- increasing both royal power and revenue, and the size of the armed forces they could field. France had begun the journey to an absolutist monarchy which would characterize  later centuries. In addition, the damaged economy soon began to recover. England, in contrast, had begun the war with more organized tax structures than France, and much greater accountability to a parliament, but royal revenues fell greatly over the war, including the substantial losses incurred by losing wealthy French regions such as Normandy and Aquitaine. For a while, however, some Englishmen got very rich from the plunder taken from France, building houses and churches back in England. The Sense of Identity Perhaps the most lasting impact of the war, especially in England, was the emergence of a much greater sense of patriotism and national identity. This was in part due to publicity spread to gather taxes for the fighting, and partly due to generations of people, both English and French, knowing no situation other than war in France. The French crown benefited from triumphing, not just over England, but over other dissident French nobles, binding France closer as a single body.

Global Warming and the Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Warming and the Climate Change - Essay Example Human activities have led to exacerbated changes in climate than natural forces. The contribution of natural forces to climate change remains insignificant in comparison to human activities. The cause and effect factor of global warming poses critical social, economic and environmental needs that have to be accounted for at all costs. The central point in this pursuit is industrialization process, which seems to take advanced and sophisticated positions every single day. Therefore, human activities have been and still are the driving force behind global warming (Maslin, 2007). Greenhouse effects are primarily held accountable for the persistent global warming. Greenhouse gases are said to play a major role in the ever-rising global atmospheric temperatures. The extent to which these gases cause global warming varies across global warming debates. For instance, the persistent rise in global temperatures is attributed to the depletion of the ozone layer. On the same note, there are arguments that what the globe is experiencing is a mere natural cycle of climate change (Handmer & Dovers, 2010). This means that the role played by greenhouse gases in the global context is limited, and thus climate change is a course of nature. Carbon dioxide has been named as the primary greenhouse gas that enormously contributed to the presently experienced persistent global warming. Scientists have differed in this debate, arguing for and against the link between carbon dioxide and global warming. Regions that have considerably low emission levels have been at least as worse off as the rest of the world, supporting the bid for debaters against linking carbon dioxide to global warming. This has further been advanced to the trade of emissions, although the world remains divided on the rationale behind the practice.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Strategic Management - Essay Example In order to earn profits on the part of a company, it is deemed very necessary for a company or a business firm to do something different than the rest of the lot so that it is considered as an entity that provides value and meaning to its customers different from the rest of the remaining lot. This value can be in the form of provision of a totally different and novel service that the company might give at a particular period of time or bring in certain activities that mesh along well with the company’s varied products which are actually being sold under the umbrella of the company’s name. Hence the changing market structure might call for changing strategies and lines of action that would all target the people for whom the product is actually designed as well as the competitors with whom the clutter is being broken in the environs of the marketplace. Thus competition brings in more and more quality at the end of the company with regards to its products as well as more sales in the form of its varied and changed stance on focusing towards the customers rather than the product itself. Apart from that, emphasis on need must be the order of the day rather than bringing out more and more varied stock key units just for the sake of it. The different products should satisfy each and every user rather than satisfy the people sitting in the innovation labs and those who invent just to take the company one step further. This trap should thus be avoided under all circumstances.

The Drink of a Real Man Essay Example for Free

The Drink of a Real Man Essay What makes a man? Is it ruggedness and toughness? Is it dominance and patriotism? Does a man drink only the hardest liquor to prove his manhood? Jim Beam thinks so. In the depths of this Jim Bean Bourbon advertisement lies a stereotype in American society that is inaccurate. Through the language of colors, font, and actual text, men get an idea of what a real man should be. A â€Å"real man† should have the qualities of bravery and toughness. Men are constantly pressured by society to act tough for people to respect them. A real man would drink Jim Beam Bourbon rather than a flavorful drink that tastes good. The real definition of a man, in Jim Beam’s case, is a dominant, strong human being. The message the advertisement promotes constrict men by denying the variety of qualities any man might possess and further advocates the stereotype of how men have to be tough in order to be considered a real man. At first glance, you notice the massive, bold, white font in the middle of the compelling advertisement. It is near impossible to avoid this writing because the letters pop out at you. On the left side of the advertisement, the bold lettering reads â€Å"President Truman Drinks a Glass of Bourbon Every Day, and on the right side of the ad continues, â€Å"Then He Kicked The Commies Out of South Korea. These words imply several different meanings in the text itself. The advertisement refers to President Truman as a symbol of patriotism and independence. The ad condones â€Å"kicking the commies out of South Korea† because Jim Beam is patriotic and wants independence. The text illustrates a cause and effect chart; President Truman drinks bourbon every day, the effect is he gained manhood and patriotism, and kicked the communists out of South Korea. This advertisement purposely chooses to promote the â€Å"good† qualities of manhood, which include masculinity, sturdiness, and toughness. The colors in the advertisement display masculinity as the background has an aged wood look mixed with some colors of brown, white, black, copper, and sea green. These colors are dull and attract the male eye because of its manly color scheme. On the left half of the advertisement there is a picture of an eagle carved into a wooden slab. The wood is very uneven and rugged, to symbolize how a man is also rugged and emotionally rough. The eagle is America’s national bird; it represents a symbol of freedom and patriotism. Through this eagle alone, the advertisement promotes patriotism and the idea that real men who drink Jim Beam Bourbon are patriotic, just as President Truman did. The eagle is also a symbol for strength and courage, two characteristics that a â€Å"real man† must possess. The right side of the page displays a Jim Beam bottle of bourbon with a wall of old, antique pictures hanging up slightly faded in the background. The picture that most stands out is the one of the owl on the far right, which symbolizes perfect wisdom, in this case, the wisdom for a man to pick Jim Beam Bourbon over any other alcohol brand. The picture of the actual bourbon bottle is slightly hidden behind the text that reads â€Å"Then He Kicked The Commies Out of South Korea†, and is placed in the middle of a wooden table. The placement of the bourbon bottle could represent stability and strength, which is what America was built on. This advertisement is very pleasing to men because it makes them feel strong and patriotic and Jim Beam bourbon can define them as â€Å"real men†. This advertisement appeals to almost every American man old enough to drink, specifically the men who love this country and the idea that American men can conquer any situation. The subtext under the bottle on the right half of the advertisement reads, â€Å"Bourbon is America’s official native spirit. Jim Beam is the number one bourbon in the world. Maybe that’s because since 1975 we’ve been about the stuff inside. TheStuffInside.com†. The text comforts you because it claims bourbon is the official native spirit of America and Jim Beam is the number one bourbon in the world providing a sense of security. This allows Americans to drink Jim Beam and know that their country made this and allows them to appreciate the patriotism that comes with it. For this reason, the words â€Å"We’ve been about the stuff inside,† are significant as well because they have a double meaning. They can mean the actual bourbon contained in the glass bottle itself, or the strength and the characteristics of what makes a man on the inside. Jim Beam will help men feel strong because they are drinking the bourbon that President Truman drank to beat the communists. Men who see this advertisement will think that drinking Jim Beam bourbon will make them feel more important, more patriotic, and more masculine. What these men will not see is the advertisement is not only selling the item for consumption, but also selling ideas about American culture. Underneath the colors, underneath the font, underneath the pictures, this advertisement is essentially selling the idea that the perfect man must be strong, patriotic, aggressive, and dominate. This ad reinforces this stereotype of men, insisting that there is only one kind of man that can actually be called a real man. This real man is forcibly strong, patriotic, and tough. Overall, the advertisement conveyed it’s message about how strong, patriotic American men drink Jim Beam Bourbon, but it does not take into consideration the remaining population of American men who are not strong or patriotic.